Predicting the ignition probability remains important for designing reliable combustors. A spark ignition model in mixture fraction space is proposed and used in a Large Eddy Simulation (LES)-Conditional Moment Closure (CMC) simulation of initiation of a n-heptane spray swirl flame. The model is based on including source terms for the enthalpy and species that mimic the effect of plas... https://www.hollandscountryclothinges.shop/product-category/dummy-launcher/